LEOPOLD  CASSELLA  &  C°  FRANKFORT  o.  M. 


Brown. 


CASSELLA  COLOR  COMPANY 

(AMERICAN  BRANCH  OF  LEOPOLD  CASSELLA  &  C°) 

182  AND  184  FRONT  STREET 

NEW  YORK 


BOSTON:  68  essex  street 

PHILADELPHIA:  126  and  128  south  front  street 
PROVIDENCE:  64  exchange  place 
ATLANTA:  47  north  pryor  street 
MONTREAL,  p.  q..-  86  and  88  youville  square. 


No.  2484. 


» 


Immedial  Brown. 


Besides  the  blue  and  black  Immedial  Colours,  the  brown 
dyestuffs  of  this  group  are  steadily  gaining  in  importance  owing 
to  the  fact  that  by  exceedingly  simple  methods  of 
working  any  useful  shade  of  brown,  possessing  promi¬ 
nent  properties  of  fastness,  may  be  produced  therewith. 

The  following  are  the  dyestuffs  belonging  to  this  group: 

Immedial  Cutch  O  pat. 

Immedial  Cutch  G  pat. 

Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

Immedial  Dark  Brown  A  pat. 

Immedial  Dark  Brown  cone.  pat. 

Immedial  Brown  W  cone.  pat. 

Immedial  Brown  RK  cone.  pat. 

Immedial  Yellow  Brown  E  pat. 

Immedial  Bronze  A  pat. 

The  baths  are  charged  alike  for  all  brands,  with 
1  part  dyestuff 

Va — 1  „  sodium  sulphide  crystals 

Va— 1  „  soda  ash 

1//2 — 5  „  common  salt. 

In  dyeing  light  shades,  the  larger  quantity  of  sodium  sul¬ 
phide  and  a  reduced  quantity  of  salt  are  used;  for  dark  shades 
the  smaller  quantity  of  sodium  sulphide  crystals  is  sufficient, 
whereas  the  larger  quantity  of  salt  should  be  used. 

If  sodium  sulphide  concentrated  be  used,  only  half  the 
quantity  as  of  sodium  sulphide  crystals  is  required. 


Quantities 

sodium 

sulphide 


4 


Dissolving  The  dyestuffs  are  best  dissolved  in  wooden  vessels  by 

the  dyestuff's.  v  J 

pouring  some  hot  water  over  them  in  which  part  of  the  sodium 
sulphide  required  for  dyeing  is  dissolved.  Vessels,  pipes  and 
fittings  of  brass  or  copper  must  not  be  used  in  dissolving  or 
dyeing;  any  metal  parts  should  consist  of  iron  or  lead. 

For  dissolving  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone,  not  more  than  one 
part  of  sodium  sulphide  crystals  for  every  four  parts  of  dyestuff 
should  be  used,  the  quantity  of  sodium  sulphide  may  however  be 
increased  at  will  for  the  dyeing. 

starting  bath.  When  dyeing  medium  and  dark  shades  the  baths  do  not 

exhaust,  and  the  starting  baths  should  therefore  be  charged  with 
a  somewhat  larger  quantity  of  dyestuff.  As  a  general  rule, 
about  one  half  of  the  dyestuff  will  remain  in  the  bath  in  the 
case  of  dark  shades,  and  about  one-third  in  the  case  of  medium 
shades.  The  exhausting  of  the  baths  is  to  a  great  extent  de¬ 
pendent  on  the  volume  of  liquor  used,  so  that  the  shorter  the 
bath,  the  better  it  will  exhaust.  Our  remarks  apply  to  a  volume 
of  liquor  of  about  20  times  the  weight  of  the  cotton  to  be  dyed. 

Dyeing  In  dyeing  subsequent  lots  the  amount  of  sodium  sulphide 

subsequent  ^  ± 

lots.  should  always  be  regulated  by,  and  be  in  proportion  to,  the 
dyestuff  as  stated  above,  whereas  the  quantities  of  soda  and 
salt  may  be  considerably  reduced. 

Generally  about  \  4  to  l/8  th  of  the  quantities  of  soda  and 
salt  used  for  the  starting  bath  are  employed,  but  even  this 
addition  is  only  necessary  until  the  bath  is  used  for  the  6  th  or 
8  th  time,  when  it  can  in  most  cases  be  omitted  altogether. 

The  quantity  of  salt  contained  in  the  bath  can  at  all  times 
be  easily  determined  by  measuring  with  an  areometer;  for  light 
shades,  the  bath  should  never  titrate  more  than  4 — 6°  Tw.  and  for 
dark  shades  12 — 15°  Tw.  When  the  bath  has  attained  this 
density,  a  further  addition  of  soda  or  salt  is  unnecessary. 

Temperature  The  dyeing  usually  takes  place  at  the  boil,  but  may  also 

of  the  1 

dye-baths.  be  carried  out  at  a  lower  temperature  if  necessary,  in  which 
case  only  the  first  bath  need  be  charged  with  a  somewhat 
larger  quantity  of  dyestuff*. 


5 


Immedial  Maroon  B  cone,  dyes  somewhat  more  reddish 
shades  at  a  lower  temperature  (abt.  120 — 140  0  F.). 

For  materials  which  are  difficult  to  dye  through,  it  is 
recommendable  to  add  to  the  hath  a  little  Turkey-red  oil, 
l°/o  reckoned  on  the  weight  of  the  cotton  being  sufficient. 

More  reddish  shades  may  be  obtained  with  Immedial  Maroon 
B  cone,  by  adding  some  glue  (about  half  the  weight  of  the  dye¬ 
stuff).  Dextrine  may  also  be  used  instead  of  glue,  but  the  latter 
is  to  be  given  the  preference. 

Immedial  Cutch  G  and  0  may  be  dyed  without  the  addition 
of  sodium  sulphide,  in  which  case  the  dyestuff  is  stirred  to  a 
paste  with  double  the  quantity  of  caustic  soda  lye  of  77  0  Tw., 
and  boiling  water  is  poured  over  this  mixture,  which  is  then 
added  to  the  dye-bath  containing  3  lbs  common  salt  per  10  gallons 
water.  The  dyeing  instructions  are  otherwise  the  same. 

An  aftertreatment  with  bichromate  of  potash  and  sulphate 
of  copper  causes  a  decided  improvement  in  the  fastness  to  light, 
the  shades  usually  becoming  at  the  same  time  somewhat  darker; 
the  goods  are  treated  for  15  to  20  minutes  in  a  boiling  hot  bath 
containing 

1 — 2  %  sulphate  of  copper 

1 —  2  °/°  bichromate  of  potash 

2 —  3  °/o  acetic  acid 

and  rinsed. 

The  brown  Immedial  Colours  may  be  combined  at  will 
with  any  of  the  other  Immedial  Colours. 

For  shading  purposes  the  following  products  come  in  the 
first  place  into  consideration  : 

Immedial  Yellow  D  pat. 

Immedial  Orange  C  pat. 

Immedial  Olive  B  pat. 

Immedial  Dark  Green  B 

Immedial  Black  NR  pat. 

These  dyestuffs  are  dyed  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Immedial 
Browns. 


Special- 
additions 
to  the 
dye-bath. 


Dyeing 

without  sodium 
sulphide 


Aftertreatment 

with 

metallic  salts. 


Shading  the 
dyeings. 


Brightening 

with 

basic  colours. 


In  order  to  brighten  the  dyeings,  they  are  sometimes 
topped  with  basic  colours,  for  which  purpose  we  recommend 

Safranine 
Bismarck  Brown 
Tannin  Orange  pat. 

Thioflavine  T  pat. 

Brilliant  Green 
Solid  Green 

New  Methylene  Blue  GG  pat. 

Methyl  Violet. 

The  quantities  of  dyestuff  used  for  topping  being*  as  a 
rule  very  small,  they  do  not  appreciably  affect  the  fastness  of 
the  dyeings.  The  topping  is  carried  out  in  a  cold  or  lukewarm 
bath  containing  5 — 10  °/o  acetic  acid  or  alum. 


Special  Dyeing  Instructions. 


A.  The  Dyeing  of  Cotton  Yarn. 

The  starting  baths  are  charged  with  a  volume  of  water 
20  times  the  weight  of  the  yarn;  the  most  suitable  dyeing 
vessels  are  ordinary  wooden  vats,  which  are  best  provided  at 
one  end  with  squeezing  rollers  in  order  to  prevent  too  great 
a  loss  of  dye-liquor.  The  well  boiled  yarn  is  dyed  on  straight 
sticks  for  about  1  hour,  each  stick  being  given  a  few  turns 
before  lifting ;  the  yarn  is  then  squeezed  off  and  rinsed 
immediately  in  cold  water.  For  further  particulars  regarding 
the  dyeing  of  cotton  yarn  with  Immedial  Colours  see  our  book 
on  ’’Cotton  Dyeing”. 

Dyeing  instructions  for  100  lbs  of  cotton,  according 
to  the  depth  of  shade. 

Starting  bath: 

1 —  6  lbs  soda  ash 

4 — 14  „  dyestuff 

4 — 12  „  sodium  sulphide  crystals 

4 — 60  „  common  salt  or  desicc.  Glauber’s  salt. 

For  subsequent  lots: 

1 —  2  lbs  soda  ash 

2 —  10  „  dyestuff 

2—8  „  sodium  sulphide  crystals 

6  „  common  salt  or  desicc.  Glauber’s  salt. 

When  dyeing  pale  shades  in  the  standing  bath,  the  addition 
of  salt  may  be  omitted  for  subsequent  lots. 

Immedial  Maroon  B  cone,  is  dyed  at  a  temperature  of  only 
about  120  to  140  0  F.  instead  of  at  the  boil. 


8 


B.  The  Dyeing  of  Loose  Cotton. 

The  starting  baths  are  charged  with  a  volume  of  water 
about  20  times  the  weight  of  the  cotton,  the  most  suitable 
dyeing  vessels  being  wooden  or  iron  vats.  The  dry  cotton  is 
entered  into  the  boiling  dye-bath,  boiled  for  about  15  minutes 
then  kept  well  covered  by  the  liquor  for  V2  to  3/4  hour. 
The  cotton  is  then  thrown  into  baskets  so  that  the  liquor 
may  drain  into  the  dye-bath,  rinsed  by  pouring  cold  water  over 
it,  and  finally  washed  thoroughly  in  the  washing  machine. 

By  using  an  iron  hydroextractor  the  greater  part  of  the 
dye-liquor  may  be  recovered  through  whizzing  the  cotton  straight 
from  the  baskets.  For  further  particulars  regarding  the  dyeing 
of  loose  cotton  with  Immedial  Colours  see  our  book  on  ’’Cotton 
Dyeing”. 

The  instructions  given  for  the  dyeing  of  yarns  are  likewise 
applicable  for  loose  cotton. 


9 


C.  The  Dyeing  of  Piece-Goods. 

The  most  suitable  dyeing  vessel  is  a  jigger  provided  with 
squeezing  rollers;  the  ordinary  jigger  may  however  be  employed 
equally  well  for  brown  shades,  particularly  light  ones.  The 
goods  are  dyed  at  the  boil  with  6  or  8  passages,  and  after 
squeezing  are  immediately  run  into  another  jigger  filled  with 
cold  water. 

Dyeing  Instructions. 

Starting  bath: 

5  oz  soda  ash  \ 

5 — 24  „  dyestuff  1 

8 — 24  „  sodium  sulphide  crystals  >  per  °* 

8 — 24  „  common  salt  or  desicc.  I 
Glauber’s  salt  / 

to  which  are  added  the  quantities  actually  absorbed  by  the  fibre,  viz: 

2  f h  °/o  dyestuff  )  calculated  on  the 

2 — 10  °/°  sodium  sulphide  crystals  )  weight  of  the  goods. 

Additions  to  the  standing  bath,  according  to  the  shade  required : 
V? —  2  °/o  soda  ash 
2 — 10  °/o  dyestuff 
2 — 10  °/o  sodium  sulphide  crystals 
1 —  2  °/°  common  salt  or  desicc. 

Glauber’s  salt 

The  goods  are  dyed  for  3/4  to  1  hour  at  the  boil,  squeezed 
off,  and  rinsed  immediately. 

Goods  difficult  to  penetrate  are  dyed  with  a  little  less 
Glauber’s  salt,  adding  in  its  place  V2  to  1  °/o  Turkey-red  oil 
calculated  on  the  weight  of  the  goods. 


calculated  on  the 
weight  of  the  goods. 


10 


D.  Warp-Dyeing. 


Full  particulars  regarding  the  dyeing  of  cotton  warps  in 
different  kinds  of  machines  will  be  found  in  our  book  on  ’’Cotton 
Dyeing”. 

The  bath  is  charged  approximately  as  follows: 

Starting  bath: 

5  oz  soda  ash 

5—24  „  dyestuff  j  per 

5 — 24  „  sodium  sulphide  crystals  -  io  gallons 
24  „  common  salt  or  desicc.  1  liquor. 

Glauber’s  salt  / 


During  the  operation  the  bath  is  replenished  with 


72 —  2  °/o  soda  ash 
4 — 10  °/o  dyestuff 
4 —  8  °/°  sodium  sulphide  crystals 
3  °/°  common  salt  or  desicc. 

Glauber’s  salt 


calculated  on 
the  weight 
of  the  goods. 


The  warp  is  passed  through  the  hot  bath  (severe  boiling 
should  be  avoided),  then  squeezed  off,  and  finally  rinsed  very 
thoroughly 

If  an  aftertreatment  with  metallic  salts  be  required,  this 
should  be  carried  out  in  a  fresh  bath  on  a  separate  machine. 


11 


E.  Machine-Dyeing. 


The  starting  bath  is  charged  with 

Id/s —  5  oz  soda  ash 
9  — 18  „  sodium  sulphide  crystals 
8  — 24  „  cryst.  Glauber’s  salt 


{ 

\ 


per 

10  gallons 
liquor 


and  with 


4  — 15  °/o  dyestuff,  calculated  on  the  weight  of  the  goods. 


For  dyeing  subsequent  lots,  about  the  following  quantities 
are  required: 


1  —  3  %  soda  ash 

3  —  9°/o  dyestuff 

3  —  9  °/o  sodium  sulphide  crystals 

2  —  5  d/°  cryst.  Glauber’s  salt 


The  dyeing  is  carried  out  in  the  usual  manner.  At  the 
end  of  the  dyeing  operation  the  dye-liquor  is  pressed  off  or 
drawn  off  by  vacuum  as  quickly  as  possible.  The  adhering 
liquor  may  also  be  pressed  off  by  means  of  dry  steam.  The 
goods  must  always  be  finally  well  rinsed. 

Further  particulars  regarding  machine-dyeing  of  Immedial 
Colours  will  be  found  in  our  book  on  ’’Cotton  Dyeing”. 


Without  guarantee. 


Name 

of  the  Colour 

Fastness 

to 

Washing 

Fastness  Fastness 

to  .  ,  to 

Light  Stoving  | 

Fast¬ 
ness  i 
to  Hot 
dress¬ 
ing 

Fastness 

to 

Chloring 

Fastness 

to 

Acids 

Remarks 

Immedial  Cutch  0 

Immedial  Cutch  G 

Exceedingly 

good. 

Dyed  direct, 
II- III; 
aftertreated 

with 

bichromate 
of  potash 
and  sulphate 
of  copper, 
IV. 

I 

1 

Good. 

IV. 

The  shade 
becomes  a 
little  paler 
and 

yellower. 

• 

| 

Very  good; 
they  stand 
subsequent 
dyeing  in  an 
acid  bath 
very  well 
without 
tinging  the 
wool. 

Immedial  Cutch  0 yields  a  bright 
orange -brown,  G  a  deeper,  more 
yelloivish  brown;  both  brands  servd 
principally  for  imitations  of  the 
peculiar  Cutch  shades.  By  an  afterM 
treatment  with  chrome  and  copper 
the  shades  are  someirhat  darken* ijj 
and  the  fastness  to  light  is  decidedly * 
improved. 

Immedial  Brown  B 

Immedial  Dark 
Brown  A 

Immedial  Dark 
Brown  cone. 

Very  good. 

Dyed  direct, 
III; 

aftertreated 

with 

bichromate 
of  potash 
and  sulphate 
of  copper, 
IV. 

Good, 

very  slightly 
changed. 

IV. 

Not  so  good 
as  Immedial 
Cutch. 

Same  as 

with 

Immedial 

Cutch. 

These  three  brands  of  Immedial 
Brown  dye  duller  shades  than  Immem  ’ 
dial  Cutch ;  they  serve  for  shading 
these  and  for  producing  deep  brown 
shades;  they  are  further  used  extend 
sively  for  mode  shades.  By  an  afterMs 
treatment  with  chrome  and  copper  the 
shades  are  somewhat  saddened. 

Immedial  Brown 
RR 

Immedial  Brown 

W  cone. 

Very  good. 

Dyed  direct, 
III; 

aftertreated 

with 

bichromate 
of  potash 
and  sulphate 
of  copper, 
IV. 

Good, 

very  slightly 
changed. 

IV. 

Same  as 

with 

Immedial 

Brown  B. 

1 

Same  as 

with 

Immedial 

Cutch. 

Both  brands  serve  principally 
jor  reddish  and  full  shades  of  brownM 
by  an  after  treatment  with  chrome 
and  copper  the  shades  are  somewhaiR 
darkened. 

Immedial  Maroon 

B  cone. 

Same  as 

with 

Immedial 

Cutch, 

exceedingly 

good. 

Dyed  direct, 
very  good, 
III— IV. 

Good, 

very  slightly 
changed. 

IV. 

Same  as 

with 

Immedial 
Brown  B. 

Same  as 
with 

Immedial 

Cutch. 

Immedial  Maroon  B  cone,  is 
the  reddest  brown  of  the  sulphideM 
group;  it  is  distinguished  for  its 
excellent  fastness  to  light,  washing Jp 
and  acids  and  therefore  used  to  a 
large  extent  for  producing  maroonM 
prune  and  other  reddish  tones  as  welly 
as  generally  for  shading  purposes 
Immedial  Maroon  B  cone,  has  l 
also  been  extensively  introduced  form 
the  dyeing  of  warps  fast  to  acidsm 
for  plush  and  other  union  goods.  ] 

Immedial  Yellow 
Brown  E 

Same  as 
with 

Immedial 

Brown  B. 

Dved  direct, 
'll  -III; 
aftertreated 
with 

bichromate 
of  potash 
and  sulphate 
of  copper, 
IV. 

Good- 

IV. 

Same  as 

with 

Immedial 

Brown  B. 

Same  us 

with 

Immedial 

Cutch. 

Serves  principally  for  the  pro 
duction  of  bright  yel'ow-brown  shadesm 
and  for  shading  bronze  and  olivet 
shades;  the  shade  is  darkened  whenW 
aftertreated  with  chrome  and  cower  m 

Immedial  Bronze 

G 

Same  as 
with 

Immedial 

Brown  B 

III. 

Good. 

IV. 

Same  as 

with 

Immedial 
Brown  B. 

Same  as 

with 

1  Immedial 
Cutch. 

Distinguished  for  its  easily  level-W 
ling  properties  and  serving  for  theW 
production  of  pale  mode  shades . 

Immedial  Yellow 

D 

Immedial  Orange 

C 

1  Very  good, 
do  not  bleed 

on  white 

even  in 

severe 

washing. 

Dyed  direct, 
II- III; 
aftertreated 
with 

bichromate 
of  potash 
and  sulphate 
!  of  copper, 
IV. 

1 

Good. 

IV. 

Some  as 
with 

Immedial 

Brown  B. 

Same  as 

with 

Immedial 

Cutch. 

1 

Serve  principally  as  shadingU 
products  for  bright  yellow-brown  anrfH 
olive  shades  and  behave  same  as  thewk 
Immedial  Cutch  brands  in  respect  toW 
properties  of  fastness.  By  an  after 
treatment  with  chrome  and  copper  them 
shades  of  both  products  are  consider "A 

I. 


Immedial  Colours  (Self  Shades), 


Immedial  Brown  RR  pat. 


Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 


Immedial  Brown  W 

cone.  pat. 


Immedial  Catch  G  pat. 


Immedial  Yellow  Brown 

E  pat. 


Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 


Immedial  Dark  Brown  A 
pat. 


Immedial  Orange  C  pat. 


Immedial  Dark  Brown 
cone.  pat. 


Immedial  Yellow  D  pat. 


Immedial  Maroon  B 

cone.  pat. 


Immedial  Bronze  A  pat 


The  stated  quantities  of  colouring  matter  are  those  used  in  the  standing  bath. 


13 


Cotton  Yarn. 


For  bright  orange  and  yellow-brown  shades  Immedial 
Cutch  0  and  G  are  especially  well  adapted  and  deserve  particular 
attention  on  account  of  their  excellent  fastness  to  washing, 
whereas  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.,  the  most  reddish  of 
the  brown  sulphide  colours,  is  very  serviceable  for 
the  production  of  more  reddish  shades. 

The  other  brands  of  Immedial  Brown  serve  mainly  for  the 
production  of  full  shades  of  brown  and  may  be  shaded  at  will 
with  Immedial  Cutch  or  Immedial  Orange  and  Immedial  Yellow  D. 
For  darkening  purposes  one  of  the  Immedial  Blacks  can  usually 
be  employed,  Immedial  Black  NR  which  dyes  very  level  being 
especially  well  adapted. 

The  products  are  very  extensively  employed  for  all  purposes 
in  yarn  and  warp-dyeing,  particularly  for  weaving  yarns,  for 
the  production  of  shades  fast  to  acids  in  union  goods,  for  hosiery 
yarn,  and  for  dyeing  sail  and  tent  cloth  in  the  yarn.  As  they 
level  well  and  penetrate  easily  when  dyed  in  machines,  they 
have  also  been  very  successfully  introduced  for  the  dyeing  of 
cops,  cheeses  and  beamed  warps. 


II. 


25 


29 


Cutch  Shades. 


3,5  %  Immedial  Yellow  D  pat. 

11,05  %  Immedial  Dork  Brown  A  pot. 
<U5°o  Immedial  Block  N  R  pot. 

!'/■<  %  sulphate  of  copper  I  alter- 
1  '/a  o/o  bichromate  of  potash  j  treated. 


4  o/o  Immedial  (  uteh.,0  pat. 
(1,7  °/u  Iinniedial  Maroon  B  co 


2,8  %  Immedial  Cutch  G  pat,. 
3,11  o/o  Immedial  Yellow  D  pot 
aftertreated  with 
l ?/«%  sulphate  of  copper 
lyaQ/o  bichromate  of  potash. 


5  o/o  Immedial  Cutch  G  pat. 
2,5  %  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

aftertreated  with 
l'/ao/o  sulphate  of  copper 
l'/aQ/o  bichromate  of  potash- 


a  °/o  Immedial  Cutch  6  pat. 

1,8  o/o  Immedial  Brown  R  R  pot. 

I  o/o  sulphate  of  copper  I  after- 
1  ‘/s  o/o  bichromate  of  potash  \  treated 
.  topped  with  0,15  o/o  Saf  ranine  GG8. 


3  °/o  Immedial  Cutoh  0  pot. 

I  °/o  Immedial  Maroon  B  qo 
topped  with 

0,05  °/o  Saf  ranine  GGS. 


31 


’/o  Immedial  Cuteh  O  pot. 
4,5  °/o  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

aftertreated  with 
l'/a  °/o  sulphate  of  copper 
l'/e  °/o  bichromate  of  potash. 


()  o/o  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

aftertreated  with 
I'/aO'o  sulphate  of  copper 
l'/r  o/o' bichromate  of  potash. 


The  staled  quantities  of  colouring  matter  are  those  used  in  the  standing  bath. 


III. 


Cutch  Shades. 


5  %  Immedial  Dark  Browe  A  pat. 

0,25%  Immedial  Black  NR  pat. 


1,5%  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 
0,4%  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 


6  %  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone  pat. 

2  %  Immedial  Brown  RR  pat. 

topped  with 

0,050/o  Methyl  Violet  R  No.  1. 


37 


2  ()/o  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 
1,3%  Immedial  Cutch  O  pat. 


4  %  Immedial  Cutch  G  pat. 

1,5%  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone,  pat 

0,4%  Saf  ranine  S  No.  150 

0,2 ,J o  Tannin  Orange  R  powder  /mt. 


The  stated  quantities  of  .colouring  matter  aro  those  used  in  the  standing  Hath. 


—  14  - 


Loose  Cotton. 


The  brown  Immedial  Colours  are  used  extensively  for 
dyeing  loose  cotton,  roving  and  sliver 

Besides  their  prominent  fastness  to  milling,  washing  and 
acids,  the  dyeings  have  the  great  advantage  that  the  cotton 
remains  extremely  soft,  pliable  and  free  of  dust,  whereas  natural 
Cutch  hardens  the  material  and  leaves  impurities,  thus  always 
causing  a  great  deal  of  waste  in  the  spinning  process. 

The  simple  method  of  application  of  the  Immedial  Colours, 
both  in  open  vats  and  also  in  machines,  has  resulted  in  their 
being  extensively  employed  for  merino  and  other  fine  counts 
of  yarn.  The  combinations  of  the  various  dyestuffs  which  come 
most  into  consideration  in  practice  are  illustrated  on  the 
opposite  page. 


IV. 


Dyeings  on  Loose  Cotton. 

• 

43 

1 

I1  44 

1,5%  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

1,8%  Immedial  Yellow  D  pat. 

1,7%  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

0,6%  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

45 

bh 

46 

7%  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

4,5%  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat 

1  %  Immedial  Dark  Brown  A  pat. 

47 

48 

1 

3,5%  Immedial  Cuteh  G  pat. 

1  %  Immedial  Cuteh  0  pat. 

1  %  sulphate  of  copper  j  after- 
1  %  bichromate  of  potash  i  treated. 

3  %  Immpdial  Cutcli  0  pat- 
0,5%  Immedial  Brown  B  pat 

49 

m 

50 

5  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

2  %  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

7  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

2  %  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 
topped  with 

0,1%  Saf ranine  GGS . 

51 

52 

4  %  Immedial  Cuteh  0  pat. 

3,75%  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

5  %  Immedial  Brown  RR  pat. 

2,5  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

- 

The  stated  quantities  of  colouring  matter  are  those  used  in  the  standing  hath. 


V. 


Dyeings  on  Loose  Cotton. 

jr 

53 

mi 

bh 

54 

3%  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

1%  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

7,5%  Immedial  Brown  B  pat 

0,5%  Immedial  Olive  B  pat. 

55 

m 

n 

56 

3  %  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

5%  Immedial  Maroon'B  cone.  pat. 

2%  Immedial  Brown  W  cone,  pat 

57 

HI 

58 

4  %  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

1  %  Immedial  Brown  W  cone.  pat. 
topped  with 

0,2%  Saf  ranine  GGS. 

5  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

171!%  sulphate  of  copper 

17*%  bichromate  of  potash  . 

59 

60 

4,75%  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

4,75%  Immedial  Cutch  G  pat. 

5,5%  Immedial  Dark  Brown  A  pat. 

0,5  %  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

61 

n 

62 

2  %  Immedial  Dark  Brown  A  pat. 

3,5%  Immedial  Cutch  G  pat. 

0,4%  Immedial  Black  NR  pat. 

4  %  Immedial  Dark  Brown  none.  pat. 
4,5%  Immedial  Brown  W  cone,  pat 

The  stated  quantities  of  colouring  matter  are  those  used  in  the  standing  bath. 


15 


Piece-Goods. 


The  brown  Immedial  Colours  are  employed  principally  for 
dyeing  better  quality  cotton  cloth  for  suitings,  moleskin,  sateen, 
velveteen  and  cord;  further,  for  linen  goods,  sail  and  tent  cloths. 
In  addition  to  browns,  olives  etc.,  the  present  shades  of  khaki  and 
grey  for  military  purposes  are  for  the  greater  part  dyed  with 
Immedial  Colours,  particularly  with  combinations  of  Immedial 
Brown  B,  Immedial  Cutch  G,  Immedial  Olive  B,  Immedial 
Yellow  D,  saddened  if  necessary  with  Immedial  Black. 

For  bright  brown  shades,  Immedial  Cutch  O  and  G  are 
specially  to  be  recommended,  while  the  other  Immedial  Brown 
brands  may  be  used  either  as  self  shades  or  in  combination 
with  each  other  for  the  production  of  fuller  shades.  Immedial 
Dark  Brown  cone,  and  Immedial  Brown  W  cone,  have  been 
generally  adopted  for  very  dark  browns  on  velveteen  and  cord, 
being  usually  brightened  by  topping  with  basic  colours  such  as 
Bismarck  Brown,  Chrysoidine,  Safranine  etc.  Very  deep  shades 
are  thus  obtained  with  a  bright  overhand  cast  and  with  excellent 
fastness,  the  method  of  production  being  very  simple  and  cheap. 


VI. 


VII. 


VIII. 


Worsted  Cloth  and  Moleskins. 

Velveteen  and  Cord.  '  .  •  ' 

X,  Sail  and  Tent  Cloth. 

63 

64 

73 

,74 

84 

5  %  Immedial  Cutoh  0  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

D/*%  sulphate  of  copper 

D/2  °/o  bichromate  of  potash. 

5  %  Immedial  Cutch  G  pdt. 

aftertreated  with 
l1/*  %  sulphate  of  copper 
l'/'s  %  bichromate  of  potash. 

0,5%  Immedial  Brown  W  cone.  pat. 

1,7%  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

0,3%  Bismarck  Brown  GG. 

2,75%  Immedial  Cutch  O  pat. 

2,75%  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

17a%  sulphate  of  copper 

172%  bichromate  of  potash. 

1,4  %  Immedial  Brown  RR  pat. 

2,7  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

17»  %  sulphate  of  copper 

17*%  bichromate  of  potash. 

1,2  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pot. 

0,6  %  Immedial  Brown  RR  pot. 

aftertreated  with 

17a  %  sulphate  of  copper 

D/a  %  bichromate  of  potash. 

65 

66 

75 

76 

85 

86 

4.5  °/o  Iinmedial  Brown  RR  pat. 

2.5  °/o  Immedial  Cutcli  0  pat. 

1,7  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

2,3%  Immedial  Black  NRT  pat 

2,75%  Immedial  Cutoh  0  pat. 

2,75%  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

* 

6  %  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 
topped  with  : 

r  0,2%  Saf  ranine  GGS. 

2,7  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

0,7  %  Immedial  Brown  RR  pat. 

0,3  %  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

172%  sulphate  of  copper  \  after- 

D/a  %  bichromate  of  potash  i  treated 

3  %  Immediol  Brown  RR  pat. 

1,4  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

1 7®  %  sulphate  of  copper 
*  D/*%  bichromate  of  potash. 

Khaki  and  Grey  Shades. 

67 

|Hi 

68 

77  j 

78 

87 

hi 

88 

3  %  Immedial  Olive  B  pat. 

3,5  °/o  Immedial  Cutoh  G  pat. 

4  %  Immedial  Cutch  G  pat. 

2,25%  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

8  %  Immedial  Dark  Brown  cone.  pat. 

topped  with 

0,25%  Bismarck  Brown  GG. 

5  %  Immedial  Cutch  G  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

172%  sulphate  of  copper 

172%  bichromate  of  potash. 

2  %  Immedial  Yellow  D  pat. 

0,35%  Immedial  Dark  Brown  A  pat. 
.0,04%  Immedial  Olive  B  pat. 

17a  %  sulphate  of  copper  j  after- 
l*/a  %  bichromate  of  potash  |  treated. 

1,7  %  Immedial  Yellow  D  pat. 

0,5  %  Immedial  Dark  Brown  A  pat. 

0,05  %  Immedial  Olive  B  pat. 

D/a  °/o  sulphate  of  copper  j  after- 

D/a  %  bichromate  of  potash  \  treated. 

69 

70 

79 

80 

89 

HI 

90 

7  %  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

0,3  o/o  Immedial  Black  NRT  pat 
aftertreated  with 

1  '/a  °/o  sulphate  of  copper 

D/a  %  bichromate  of  potash. 

5,3  %  Immedial  Cutch  G  pat 

2,2  %  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

D/*%  sulphate  of  copper 

D/a%  bichromate  of  potash. 

4  %  Immedial  Dark  Brown  A  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

D/2%  sulphate  of  copper 
l,/a%  bichromate  of  potash. 

5%  Immedial  Brown  B  pat. 

1%  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

0,7  %  Immedial  Olive  B  pat. 

1,3  %  Immedial  Black  MR  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

D/a%  sulphate  of  copper 

17a%  bichromate  of  potash. 

1,5  %  Immedial  Black  NR  pat. 

0,85%  Immedial  Olive  B  pat. 

0,1  %  Immedial  Cutoh  G  pat. 

17*'%  sulphate  of  copper  {  after- 

17*  0/0  bichromate  of  potash  \  treated. 

Sateen. 

Linen  Cloth. 

71 

72 

81 

82 

91 

HI 

92 

3,5%  Immedial  Maroon  B  cone.  pat. 

2  %  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat 

3,5  %  Immedial  Cutoh  6  pat. 

3  %  Immedial  Brown  RR  pat. 

aftertreated  with 
l’/a  %  sulphate  of  copper 

172%  bichromate  of  potash. 

9,5  %  Immedial  Dnrk  Brown  cone.  pat. 
topped  with 

0,15%  Bismarck  Broxon  GG 

0,15%  Saf  ranine  GGS. 

3,8  %  Immedial  Cutoh  G  pat. 

2  %  Immedial  Olive  B  pat. 
topped  with 

0,4%  Thioftavme  T  pat. 

3,25%  Immedial  Cutch  0  pat. 

0,5  %  Immedial  Brown  RR  pat. 

aftertreated  with 

D/a  %  sulphate  of  copper 

DA  0/0  bichromate  of  potash. 

3,75%  Immedial  Cutoh  G  pot. 

aftertreated  with 

17*  0/0  sulphate  of  copper 
li/a  «/o  bichromate  of  potash. 

The  stated  quantities  of  colouring  i 

natter  arc  those  used  in  the  standing  bath. 

The  stated  quantities  of  colouring  matter  a 

re  those  used  in  the  standing  bath. 

The  stated  quantities  of  colouring  matter 

are  those  used  in  the,  standing  bath. 

X. 


XI. 


5-7  90  -  l  I  7 


